1.时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)处理。将(jiang)固溶铸(zhu)件(jian)加热至设定(ding)(ding)温(wen)度(du),待一定(ding)(ding)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间后(hou)出炉,在(zai)空(kong)气中缓慢冷却称为时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)。如(ru)果时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)强化(hua)(hua)在(zai)室(shi)温(wen)下(xia)完成(cheng),称为自然时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao);如(ru)果时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)强化(hua)(hua)在(zai)高(gao)于室(shi)温(wen)的(de)环境(jing)中,并在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间后(hou)完成(cheng),则(ze)称为人工时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)。老化(hua)(hua)过(guo)程是过(guo)饱和固溶体分解(jie)的(de)自发过(guo)程,可以使合金基体的(de)晶片(pian)恢复到相对稳定(ding)(ding)的(de)状态;
2.退火处理。铸铝加热(re)至300℃左右,保温(wen)一段时间后,随炉冷(leng)却至室温(wen)的(de)过程(cheng)称为退火。固(gu)溶体在热(re)处理过程(cheng)中会分解,第二相相点会聚集,可以消除铸件(jian)的(de)内应力,保持铸件(jian)尺寸稳定(ding),避免变形,增强塑性;
3.固溶(rong)(rong)处理(li)。将(jiang)铸件加热到(dao)接近共晶体的熔点,然(ran)后(hou)在这(zhei)个(ge)温(wen)(wen)度下长(zhang)时间(jian)保持,然(ran)后(hou)快速冷却,使强化元件很好地溶(rong)(rong)解,将(jiang)这(zhei)种高温(wen)(wen)状(zhuang)态保持到(dao)室温(wen)(wen)。这(zhei)个(ge)过程叫做固溶(rong)(rong)处理(li)。固溶(rong)(rong)处理(li)可以提高铸件的塑性和强度,提高合金的耐(nai)腐蚀性;通常(chang),固溶(rong)(rong)处理(li)的作(zuo)用与固溶(rong)(rong)处理(li)温(wen)(wen)度、保温(wen)(wen)时间(jian)和冷却速度有关。